INTRODUCTION: Substance abuse is an important public health issue affecting West Africa; however. there is currently a dearth of literature on the actions needed to address it. The aim of this study was to assess the risks and protective factors of substance abuse in Ghana. West Africa. https://npdihebvubpxiu.celticwiki.com/1456199/competition_drought_season_length_disentangling_key_factors_for_local_adaptation_in_two_mediterranean_annuals_across_combined_macroclimatic_and_microclimatic_aridity_gradients