This article is the translation of the article "readings of the Quran" in the Encyclopaedia of the Quran. published in Leiden. with some annotations by the translator. The article studies the history of the development of different readings of the Holy Quran and argues that the establishment of these readings has gradually taken place. https://www.roneverhart.com/Hohner-C-7-NS-Harmonica-Carrying-Case-p36684/